Related to Object

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Get All Object:-

Map<String, Schema.SObjectType>schemaMap=Schema.getGlobalDescribe();
for(SObjectType obj: schemaMap.values()){
    if (obj.getDescribe().isCreateable() && obj.getDescribe().isUpdateable()) {
        System.debug('-->Object Name = '+obj.getDescribe().getLabel());
        System.debug('-->Object API Name = '+obj.getDescribe().getName());
    }
} 

Get Child Record From Inner Query Dynamically:-

List<Account> listOfAccount = [SELECT Id,Name,(SELECT Id,Name FROM Contacts) FROM Account LIMIT 1 ];
List<sObject> listOfChild = listOfAccount[0].getSObjects(childRelationshipName);

Related to Fields

Get All Field:-

Map<String, Schema.SObjectType> schemaMap=Schema.getGlobalDescribe();
Map<String,Schema.SObjectField> fieldMap=schemaMap.get(objectName).getDescribe().fields.getMap();
for(Schema.SObjectField obj : fieldMap.values()){
    if(obj.getDescribe().isCreateable() && obj.getDescribe().isUpdateable()){ 
           System.debug('--->Field Name ='+obj.getDescribe().getLabel()); 
           System.debug('--->Field API Name ='+obj.getDescribe().getName()); 
    }   
}  

Get the Field Type:-

1.
<String,Schema.SObjectField>objectFields=Schema.getGlobalDescribe().get(objectName).getDescribe().fields.getMap();
Schema.DescribeFieldResult fieldLabel = objectFields.get(fieldName).getDescribe();
Schema.DisplayType dataType = fieldLabel.getType();
String fieldType = String.ValueOf(dataType);
System.debug('fieldType--> '+fieldType);

2.
Map<String,Schema.SObjectField> objectFields=Schema.getGlobalDescribe().get(objectName).getDescribe().fields.getMap(); 
Schema.SObjectField field = objectFields.get(objectName);
Schema.DisplayType fieldType = field.getDescribe().getType(); 
System.debug('...fieldType '+fieldType);   

Related to Record Type

Get List Of All Record Types :-

Map<String,RecordTypeInfo> mapOfRecTypeInfo = Schema.getGlobalDescribe().get(objectName).getDescribe().getRecordTypeInfosByName();
        for(String recInfo:mapOfRecTypeInfo.keySet()){
            RecordTypeInfo recType = mapOfRecTypeInfo.get(recInfo);
          System.debug('==>Id'+recType.getRecordTypeId());
          System.debug('==>Id'+recType.getName());
        }

Get Record Type Id by Name:-

String recordTypeId= Schema.SObjectType.Account.getRecordTypeInfosByName().get(recordTypename).getRecordTypeId();
System.debug('--->recordTypeId '+recordTypeId);

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